What are the Three Basic Types of Dispute Resolution

Here’s a review of the three basic types of dispute resolution to consider:

1. Mediation

The goal of mediation is for a neutral third party to help disputants come to a consensus on their own.

• Rather than imposing a solution, a professional mediator works with the conflicting sides to explore the interests underlying their positions.

Mediation can be effective at allowing parties to vent their feelings and fully explore their grievances.

Working with parties together and sometimes separately, mediators can try to help them hammer out a resolution that is sustainable, voluntary, and nonbinding.

2. Arbitration

In arbitration, a neutral third party serves as a judge who is responsible for resolving the dispute.

• The arbitrator listens as each side argues its case and presents relevant evidence, then renders a binding decision.
  

The disputants can negotiate virtually any aspect of the arbitration process, including whether lawyers will be present at the time and which standards of evidence will be used.

Arbitrators hand down decisions that are usually confidential and that cannot be appealed.

Like mediation, arbitration tends to be much less expensive than litigation.

3. Litigation

The most familiar type of dispute resolution, civil litigation typically involves a defendant facing off against a plaintiff before either a judge or a judge and jury.

• The judge or the jury is responsible for weighing the evidence and making a ruling. The information conveyed in hearings and trials usually enters, and stays on the public record.
  

Lawyers typically dominate litigation, which often ends in a settlement agreement during the pretrial period of discovery and preparation.